Eng Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Eng - Research Paper Example It is hard to state precisely where soccer began as there have been a few games from various nations that have indistinguishable establishments from the soccer match that we know today. There is a record in China, wherein soccer was called Cuju which truly implies â€Å"kick ball†. There was a case that Cuju was created by the Yellow Emperor as wellness preparing for military men and cavaliers. These Cuju matches were held at the Imperial Palace and was supposed to be played by researchers and learned people of Ancient China. There is likewise once record of Mesoamericans playing a game like soccer however as opposed to utilizing the customary soccer ball, they utilized elastic balls which made it somewhat more hard to play with. The said game is supposed to be a blend of soccer, volleyball and ball. It is said that the object of the game is to kick the elastic ball up the crate so as to score a point. Among the Ancient Greeks and Romans, the game that is like soccer is called Pheninda. It is said that Pheninda is a mix of soccer and rugby. In this game, there are no guidelines along these lines making it a serious risky game and a great deal of players were harmed. The Middle Ages saw the introduction of a soccer match called Mob Soccer in Europe. In this game, the ball that they need to kick is made of pig’s bladders and now and again, stuffed cowhide skin. ... The object of this game is to strike the ball into the different team’s objective by the manners in which they have. This implied one can utilize a club, a stick or some other methods so as to score. One can just envision the wounds the players have continued with an end goal to hit the ball however hit another. This equivalent game was played in England, yet because of the idea of the game, this was prohibited by Nicholas de Farndone in 1314 of London. Be that as it may, this restriction didn't prevent soccer from developing in Medieval England. Soccer has become a wellness sport for English young men in live-in schools. It was a game appreciated by Aristocrats and Upper-class Englishmen however despite the fact that it began that way, it later advanced into a game for the average people also since it is economical and simple to learn. Soccer at that point began truly developing among government funded schools, so then the idea of a competition was conceived in the nineteenth century. Since various schools have at that point, various standards, Cobb Morley framed a semi-proficient soccer club in Barnes and called it Barnes Club. He recommended a focal body for rules and guidelines be instituted. This thought at that point was put to rehearse on October 26, 1863 when a couple of soccer clubs set the base for the future association, in the end called Football Association, met at the Freemasons’ Tavern in the English Capital. Cobb Morley thought of the guidelines of the game which set the official principles which would be set up in each soccer match. He is presently viewed as the dad of soccer for his grand commitments and his concept of the official guidelines which were instituted. In multi decade after Cobb Morley set the official guidelines, soccer turned into an across the board sport around Europe, America and even Australia. In the mid twentieth century, the national groups were being

3 Examples of Dashing to the Rescue

3 Examples of Dashing to the Rescue 3 Examples of Dashing to the Rescue 3 Examples of Dashing to the Rescue By Mark Nichol At the point when commas are utilized to set off a break in thought, or are utilized to set off in excess of two unmistakable sentence components, the outcome is frequently a level or befuddling sentence. To appropriately flag an unexpected linguistic change or plainly demonstrate grammatical order, think about supplanting a couple of commas with a scramble or two, as portrayed in a conversation and appeared in an amendment following every one of the models in this post. 1. At the point when issues strike suddenly, and they will, the leader of the office can hope to participate in quick investigating conversations. The organizing commas are not erroneous, yet they’re dull and incapable in underlining the purpose of the key addition; runs are progressively fruitful: â€Å"When issues strike out of the blue and they will-the leader of the office can hope to take part in quick investigating discussions.† 2. The exposure of information, even, or particularly, to law authorization, is a hot topic.â For this situation, the peruser will probably need to backtrack to outline this sentence in their psyche to process that â€Å"data, even, or especially† isn't a rundown and that even is the start of a two-layer enclosure; outline the external bracket with runs to recognize it from the internal bracket: â€Å"The exposure of information even, or particularly, to law requirement is a hot topic.†Ã¢ 3. At the point when you compose for a paper, you really can change the world, well in any event a side of it, for certain individuals. The issue here is like that of the past model, in that well should be set off from the remainder of the bracket of which it is a section. To recognize the accentuation used to do as such and the accentuation utilized to underscore the enclosure itself, elevate the quotidian commas to particular runs: â€Å"When you compose for a paper, you really can change the world-well, in any event a side of it-for some people.† Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?How to Punctuate with â€Å"However†Trooper or Trouper?

Cannery Rowbyby John Steinbeck.

Cannery Rowbyby John Steinbeck. Printed AnalysisCannery RowJohn Steinbeck contemplated composing every once in a while at Stanford somewhere in the range of 1920 and 1925, however never graduated. He later moved to New York, where he did physical work and filled in as a writer. While he was there, he composed his initial two books, which were ineffective. Be that as it may, Steinbeck was viewed as one of the incomparable American writers of the twentieth century. After World War II, Steinbeck's work turned out to be increasingly wistful, particularly in his piece, Cannery Row. This book was a delineation of the lives of individuals who had numerous hardships, yet had the option to search out the genuine qualities throughout everyday life. It occurred in the hour of success after World War II; in any case, the individuals of Monterey, California were living and thinking as if it was as yet the Great Depression. In attempting to improve their lives, these individuals depended on one of the fundamental characters, Doc , for guidance.English: Own Work. 2007. National Steinbeck Centre...In Steinbeck's epic, Doc helped other people, and consequently, they endeavored to enable him, to despite the fact that they were not as effective. Other than these steadfast demonstrations, John Steinbeck's setting, clashes, and characters gave the story a remarkable style and perspective.Since there was no focal plot, Steinbeck concentrated on the setting to bring the peruser through the book. The installation that was a significant complexity to the remainder of the book was in the early morning in Cannery Row. This was the hour of day when everything appeared to have a pinch of enchantment. The entire area looked as though it had a shade of silver upon it. It [was] the hour of the pearlthe interim among day and night when time [stopped] and inspected itself. (Steinbeck. 78) Barely anybody was out, which caused the area to feel more abandoned than expected. Moreover, the boulevards appeared...

Analysis Of Two Bush Speeches - Free Essay Example

Presidents play a critical role when influencing the public through the use of rhetoric. Through only words often within a speech a president can have an everlasting impact on society and the public. Rhetoric, and how its used, is arguably one of the most powerful and unique dynamics of a presidency. Presidential rhetoric is so powerful that it can even incite war and rationalize its indispensability. For decades presidents have been using their platform to push their personal political agendas within their rhetoric especially within war rhetoric. So, can presidents incite war through rhetoric solely? I argue, yes, that presidents can make war seem inevitable and incite war through their rhetoric alone. A resounding depiction of this use of rhetoric is found when looking at George H. W. Bushs rhetoric in 1990 1991 in regard to The Gulf War. George H. W. Bush stimulates, through rhetoric, the notion that The Gulf War (also known as Operation Desert Storm) was necessary. Consistent themes are found within presidential speeches that shape war rhetoric. Common themes are demonization of the opposition, human rights concerns, and defeating aggression. All of the themes mentioned are illustrated within Bushs rhetoric preceding and during The Gulf War. To illuminate these rhetorical t hemes and argue the incitation of war by George H. W. Bush I will be analyzing two of his speeches: Address on Iraqs Invasion of Kuwait and Announcing War on Iraq. Literature Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   War rhetoric, according to Jamieson and Campbell, means the rhetoric by which presidents seek to justify to Congress and to the citizenry their exercise of war powers. Presidential war rhetoric intends to launch invasions, direct invasions, suffice stationing troops, and sell the war. Its imperative to sell the war so that people will fight it and people will fund it. Presidential power, especially war power, has expanded and increased with every decade in respect to rhetoric. Executive war powers have been broadened over time by their exercise, by congressional complicity, and by Supreme Court sanction (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). The president can overstep his assumed constitutional powers and rights through the use of rhetoric due to the blurred lines of what the president can and cant do. Rhetoric can subdue what might seem unconstitutional as far as influencing the nation or pushing a personal agenda. War rhetoric is a constant power struggle betwe en the President and Congress mediated by The Supreme Court. Presidential war rhetoric is related to the ongoing struggle between the president and Congress, refereed by the courts, over what the Constitution permits the president to do (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). Presidential entitlements have been into argument because article 1 of the Constitution reserves to Congress the authority to declare War, . to raise and support Armies, . provide and maintain a Navy, . [and] make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval forces, whereas article 2 defines the president as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States. (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). The democratic solution to war includes 2 steps: 1) President must request or recommend declaration of war; 2) Congress must declare war through resolution, statute, or declaration of war. The argument of the President being able to take advantage of and exploit their power of war is validated through the evidence of only five officially declared wars. According to Campbell and Jamieson, major military actions in Korea, Vietnam, Kuwait, and Iraq have been carried out without declarations of war, and more than one hundred military ventures involving combat troops have been conducted without any form of congressional authorization. The majority of American wars have been enacted without statutory authorization, a resolution of support, or a declaration of war (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). It is often argued whether or not a presidents call to war is appropriately in the defense of our nation or an overstep of the nations military capabilities. It is often in question if a presidential decision to go to war is a hasty or responsive decision, rather than a well thought out one. The founders hoped that the rhetorical process implied by the Constitution would ensure that a decision to wage war would be arrived at thoughtfully, not rashly or emotionally (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). While it is often seen that a president is overstepping his congressional duties by inciting war, it is still a frequent occurrence that is provoked through rhetoric. Despite the change from former to subsequent reasoning of military action, Campbell and Jamieson argue that presidential war rhetoric throughout U.S. history manifests five pivotal characteristics: 1) every element in it proclaims that the momentous decision to resort to force is deliberate, the product of thoughtful consideration; 2) forceful intervention is justified through a chronicle or narrative from which argumentative claims are drawn; 3) the audience is exhorted to unanimity of purpose and total commitment; 4) the rhetoric not only justifies the use of force, but also seeks to legitimize presidential assumption of the extraordinary powers of the commander in chief; and, as a function of these other characteristics, 5) strategic misrepresentations play an unusually significant role in its appeals (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). It is often found that by including these characteristics in their speeches, the President is better able to legitimatize his intentions in the interes t of the constitutional right to defend the nation. Within war rhetoric it is common for the President to greet his rational deliberation (a constitutional obligation) with recommending Congress to declare war or to authorize the introduction of armed forces (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). This thoughtful deliberation usually is when the President states that he has talked to international leaders, allies, all of the government, etc. before speaking on the matter. Perhaps one of the most prominent and effective characteristics of war rhetoric is the use of narratives. Narratives are typically what allow the media to further the argument of war and influence the public. The use of narratives allows the President to dramatize and simplify the situation at hand so that war seems inevitable. Narratives often explore the idea of how alternatives might be possible but due to the [dramatic] situation or threat at hand an immediate response is undoubtedly necessary. The narrative typically reframes the conflict as aggression by the enemy, according to Jamieson and Campbell, which legitimizes presidential initiatives as actions to defend the nation. This type of narrative results in a call to action to support the decision to wage war. An extended narrative is often seen in war rhetoric, where the President structures the argument of war by exhausting national values to frame the opposition as a threat to the nation and civilization. War rhetoric narratives often characterizes America as innocent and in favor of good, desiring to help others or taking action in the best interest of others. Narratives tend to differ between presidents based on intentions and motives but remains an essential characteristic of war rhetoric. Following narratives is the third characteristic of presidential war rhetoric that Campbell and Jamieson discuss, exhortation to unified action. It is often found within presidential speeches that incite war elements of unification. This unification element is in large part due to framing the intent behind war being in the best interest of humanity and civilization as a whole. The concept of unification comes with the assumed [anticipative] conclusion that right will prevail (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). This characteristic will often appear as a president reminding the audience to put parties aside and using unifying terms and phrases like we and my fellow Americans while playing on national values. Exhortation to unified action speaks to the values Americans want to see in themselves and suggests values are threatened. The fourth characteristic that Campbell and Jamieson designate as a necessary element of war rhetoric is investiture as commander in chief. Ultimately, war rhetoric is a rhetoric of investiture (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013) meaning that it is an [arguably] excusable time to expand power as a president and justify why. The president rationalizes this as the time to exercise his right to play the role of Commander in Chief due to the threat of American values and the community. While the original intent of the role Commander in Chief was to repel attack, presidential innovations have created precedents that presidents have used to claim expanded executive war powers (C ampbell and Jamieson, 2013). Another complex modification of this characteristic is the role Congress now plays with the president in waging war. The intent of the Constitution was that the president would go to Congress to request authorization to act as commander in chief, but now the president assumes the role and then asks for congressional ratification (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013). The characteristic that plays a very significant role in war rhetoric is strategic misrepresentation. Strategic misrepresentation is a very dominant trend within Bushs war rhetoric, which will be explored further in this paper. War rhetoric is typically intended to incite immediate action demanding immediate support. This urgent action is attainable through the use of strategic misrepresentation, where the president uses rhetoric to misrepresent the events described in ways strategically related to stifle dissent and unify the nation (Campbell and Jamieson, 2013).

Unregulated Capitalism Undermines the Legitimacy of...

Introduction In a capitalist system, businesses compete with one another to produce the most innovative merchandise at the most competitive prices; in turn, consumers freely select the most desirable products. According to Adam Smith, this competition, when left unregulated, fosters maximum wealth and the common good (Economist 2-3). Indeed, unmanaged competition may ensure prices are affordable for consumers (2). However, in a global free market that exploits cheap labour; market demand dwindles, resulting in excessive credit lending and debt crises (Li 295-6). In this way, capitalism’s efficiency and promotion of the common good is questionable. Since the resurgence of unregulated capitalism in the late 20th century, social†¦show more content†¦Historically, freedom was viewed strictly as political liberty, but this has evolved into the right to live as one chooses, equipped with essential resources (Charmichael 41). Similarly, equality has broadened from the mere idea of equal citizenship rights to the idea that some government interference may be required to ensure the accessibility of rights. For example, all people have the right to legal counsel, but for those who cannot afford a lawyer, legal aid may be required. Though liberals agree that everyone should have equal access to rights, the extent that government should minimize social inequities is debatable (42). In general, liberal democrats prioritize political equality, entailing equal voting rights and representative government (Harder 75; Plattner 131-2), as well as economic freedom, which protects property rights and allows businesses to operate free o f government (Kellogg 52; Plattner 128). As such, economic inequalities are typically viewed as a natural consequence of freedom. Nevertheless, some liberals argue that government need not constrain economic freedom if it promotes equal opportunities (Mintz 105-6). In a liberal democracy, the notion that property is a private matter (Kellogg 52) has evolved over time. In the laissez faire era of the late 19th century, property rights enabled owners to subject workers to intolerable workingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Classical Liberal Theory1055 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Liberal Theory Classical liberalism is a very interesting political theory. The underlying belief is that what makes a person human is freedom from the dependence on the will of others. It is complete freedom from any relations with others, except those entered voluntarily. Another main point of classical liberalism is that the individual is the owner of his person and his capacities, for which he owes nothing to society. The individual, although free, has no power to limit anyoneRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 Pagesand the Future of the West Can the Liberal System Survive? By G. John Ikenberry January/February 2008 Summary:   Chinas rise will inevitably bring the United States unipolar moment to an end. But that does not necessarily mean a violent power struggle or the overthrow of the Western system. The U.S.-led international order can remain dominant even while integrating a more powerful China -- but only if Washington sets about strengthening that liberal order now. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is AlbertRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesculture: when there is insufficient conflict Understanding the purpose of the organization and embedding it in the culture Critical theory and psychoanalysis present challenging perspectives for organizational design Social democracy and the democratic organization Democracy, rationality and power A psychodynamic perspective on design – create the boundaries Critical theory and psychoanalysis challenge understandings of leadership and management Conclusions 330 330 332 332 332 339 340 341 342Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestwentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century world order. On the other, it perversely unleashed forces that would undermine Western world dominance and greatly constrict the forces advancing globalization, both of which can be seen as hallmarks of the opening decades of the twentieth century. This intermingling of the forces and processes that were arguably essential

The World Of The Holocaust - 1449 Words

Disheartening is not even a word tragic even to describe the Holocaust. The Holocaust affected the lives of millions because of the hate inside of the Nazi’s. Why would the Nazi’s do this? This is a question almost nobody can answer. What we do know are the effects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psychological difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelings of empathy for the casualty who went this tragic event, and feel anger toward the extremist. Although many contributed to the Holocaust, Adolf Hitler remains viewed as the main catalyst.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ten years later, it would also be in Nuremberg, now nearly destroyed by British and American heavy bombing, where surviving prominent Nazi leaders were put on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity.† The third stage of the Holocaust was Kristallnacht in 1938 were Nazi officials set a nationwide campaign against the Jewish population, and sent them to prisons. Kristallnacht, better known as the â€Å"Night of Broken Glass†, was when Jews were forced out of their homes, and put into tragic ghettos. Ghettos were located in the Polish Frontier, and Jews were forced to reside here. Jews weren’t allowed to vote, leave the area around their ghetto because some signs read â€Å"No Jews Allowed†. â€Å"During World War II, Hitler and the Nazis implemented their so-called â€Å"Final Solution† what they referred to as the â€Å"Jewish problem,† and carried out the systematic murder of some 6 million European Jews in what came to be known as the Holocaust.† The fourth stage major of the Holocaust was the Final Solution, and the deportations throughout Europe. Nazis systematically rounded up Jews and transported them through Europe to death camps in Eastern Europe. Nazi officials finally agreed to move forward to kill almost all Jews, by putting them in death camps. This is when the deportations of Jews throughout Europe began. Almost six million Jews died, like Hitler wanted. He became a little satisfied; although, there was still thousands of

Marketing and Retail Book Industry free essay sample

Your company has developed a new educational electronic game. Your target market is 4-6 year old children. What research methods would you use to test this product concept? Choose at least three methods that you believe will provide valuable information, and describe your research strategy. (Points : Three research methods that will give more valuable information about the product concept areas below. Focus groups: Discussion of selected members (a mix of parents, teachers, academicians and psychologist) in a focus group will help the company gain insight about what the customers are think and how they perceive the product (Kotler, 2000). This will also help in identifying any gaps between the product presently available in the market and what the customers want. Unstructured interviews: Unstructured one on one interview with parents, teachers, and psychologists can help the company gain more information by using probing questions. Questionnaires: Questionnaires with a combination of open ended and closed ended questions can be sent to the respondents over the email and they can send their replies over the email. TCO C) Choose a specific brand (i. e. , Coke, Nike, McDonalds, etc. Using this brand as an example, describe what makes this a unique brand that is easily recognizable by consumers. What do you, as a consumer, think of when you see this brand logo? How would you describe a Brand? What roles do Brands play in the market and what signals success? The brand selected for this question id McDonalds. The vibrant logo of the company makes the brand easily recognizable. The golden arches of McDonalds was born of architecture. The arches were a design that formed the shape of the letter M in a unique way. The color combination of yellow and red in this logo plays the trick (The Independent, 2008). The brand gives an impression of a vibrant and happy environment or place. In a cluttered business environment branding plays an important role in adding distinguishing factor to the company’s product or service and increases brand recognition and brand recall among the target customers. This would in turn lead to increased sales and increased profits for the company. 3. (TCO H) Let us look at the retail book industry as an example. There are a lot of people who buy a wide variety of books. Using this industry as an example, divide this market into smaller market segments. Describe at least three of these markets segments. By making some assumptions, describe some characteristics of the target market (end customers) for each of these market segments. Also what are the key criteria for segmentation to be effective? Smaller market segments of the retail book industry are as below: -Children: Childrens’ books, graphic books and fictions are targeted towards the children. The gatekeepers for this segment are the parents and guardians. So for this segment communications are to be targeted to the kids in a was so as to involve the elders and encourage them to buy the products for the children -Fitness enthusiasts: Yoga books, fitness book, diet advising books interest the fitness enthusiasts. So this market is targeted based on their behavioral aspects. -Students: The stuents buy text books, reference books. Again So this market is targeted based on their behavioral aspects. Segmenting the retail book industry can be done based on the key criteria of demographic, and behavioral aspects. An increasing number of companies are basing their prices on the customers perceived value of the product or service. Explain the concept of perceived value pricing. What is the key to pricing in this manner? How might the marketer determine the price that the consumer might pay in exchange for that value that they receive? Perceived value pricing is the method of pricing a product or service based on what the customer is willing to pay for the product, rather than on arriving at the final price based on the costs and expenses (Kotler, 2000). The price is determined based on the competitor’s product. An analysis is done on how the customer perceives the company’s products in comparison to the competitors’ products. Based on this understanding and the competitors’ prices the pricing is done. 5. (TCO F) You are the Sales Manager for your company. Your sales team is one that, once they gain the initial sale, enjoys considerable repeat business. Sales reps are paid a base of $35K and their commission package can add as much as $49K a year (average). Top producers make as much as $65K a year in commissionalong with their base pay, they make $100K. Sales reps have not been aggressive in pursuing new business. They have become comfortable in making repeated sales calls on their existing customers to be visible and to handle any issues. Your VP of Sales wants to see a 12% increase in NEW business next year. How might you structure the compensation plan to drive selling behaviors that would result in more effort being made to gain new business? Being a sales team the primary motivator for the team will be financial incentives. In the given scenario, it is important for the VP of sales to restructure the incentive structure. The restructuring can be done in the following way. Giving 100 percent weightage for the any fresh business that the sales reps get from a new customer. the focus for this is customer acquisition. Giving 40 percent weightage for the new business that comes from the existing clients. Assuming that there is a threshold after crossing which the sales reps become eligible for commission. More conditions can be added to the threshold. For instance, even if the sales reps meet their threshold of sales, they have to meet at least 70 percent of their new customer acquisition target in order to be eligible for the commission/ incentive. 6. (TCO E) Why do intermediaries bother to sponsor their own brand? What is the role of private label brands in the market place? From the consumers viewpoint, why would you or wouldnt you buy these generic brands versus more well-known brand names? Does it depend upon the product being sold? The intermediaries bother to sponsor their own brand in order to be competitive, profitable and cost effective. It is easier to own brands in own store than in other stores as they do not have to pay for shelf space. The intermediaries explore the excess capacity of the manufacturers and introduce them as private label at a low cost. The costs involved are lower and so the intermediary can sell those products at low price and gain higher profit margins. The private labels also provide a differentiating factor among the competitors. Many a times customers prefer generic brands and private labels over branded products because both are of similar quality and price of generic brands are lower (Kotler, 2000). But whether a customer chooses a generic brand or more well-known brand names it often depends on the product the customer is buying. For convenience products customers often prefer generic brand over more well-known brand names. Describe the supply chain strategy using demand chain planning. By looking at the company as the center of a value network, how will this approach enable the company to be more financially efficient? Demand chain planning refers to forecasting the market demands for a product or service and then adjusting the production, supplies and distribution based on that. Using demand chain planning supply chain strategy will be decided based on the historical data and statistical and customer forecast of the expected sales. Once these figures are generated, the supply volume and time is decided to match the demand. In this way excess supply and excess stock/ inventory can be checked and controlled, making the whole supply chain functions more cost effective for the company. 8. (TCO J) With the memory of the many companies showing poor judgment and poor ethics, such as BP, Toyota, Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Andersen, and others fresh in your mind, you have been asked to advise your companys CEO on to how to minimize the risk of a similar event occurring at your company. Specifically, what recommendations would you make to your CEO that would minimize unethical business and marketing practices by your employees, such as those alleged to have occurred at these and other companies? The recommendations are as below. -All organizations claim them to be fair and legitimate. Due to absence of clarity of the exclusivity, the companies fight over years to win. It often comes out to be marketing stances to gain over competitors. Lawyers of the organization prepare a case to defend their parties and not to defend what is right. In the process the company spends time, energy and money to win over patents. Ethically such resources can be diverted for the betterment of the employees, their working condition and even society as a whole. This would increase the value of a firm and reinforce its culture (Jones, 2013). -These ethical dilemmas are to be addressed in line with the ethical commitments of the organization. For this purpose a code of ethics stating corporate policies and practices should be referred to. -For successful implementation of the code of ethics, employees need to understand the practical implications of the code and know its significance. Trainings in ethics raise awareness of the employees about the code. Now that you have completed the Final Draft of your Marketing Plan, were you to begin anew, what would you have done differently insofar as your efforts to segment your TARGET MARKET and your efforts to reach that TARGET MARKET via your promotional mix? What would you have done differently? Please be sure to provide a graduate level response based on the marketing principals learned in class. Be sure to refresh your instructors mind by providing one sentence that communicates what your Marketing Plan brought to market. The marketing plan was for a jewelry shop in Abu Dhabi. The company name is ABC Company. To define the target market I would do two things differently. Firstly, I will define my target customer based on a primary research. Secondly, I would consider the psychological aspects like willingness to purchase, purchase frequency and readiness to purchase to define the target segment. I would promotional mix, I would like to consider options for an interactive customer engagement. This can be done through creating an interactive website with a forum for interaction, and making active social media pages by continuously updating and encouraging customers to interact. 10 (TCO G) Sales Promotions offer consumers an incentive to buy. Name at least four different types of sales promotion tools, tell how you would use them, and provide an example of a type of product or service you would promote using this tool. Failure to provide all of the requested information will result in a loss of points. Sales promotion refers to a host of activities taken up to boost the sales of a product (Kotler, 2000). Four different types of sales promotion tools are as below. -Price promotions: Also referred to as price discounting, these are discounts on normal price of the product or more of the product at the same price in order to increase sales volume at the cost of loss in profit. This can be used for shopping products like electronic goods, apparels, etc -Coupons: Coupons are certificates, usually distributed with magazines news papers etc. , which offers price reduction for some specified items to the holder (Pickton, Broderick, 2003). This promotion strategy can be used for services like salon, spa, gym memberships. The coupons are distributed as part of advertisement in newspapers/ magazines and can be redeemed at select outlets. -Free gifts: The customers are offered gift with purchase and thus marketers attempt to increase sales volumes in the initial stage of the product life cycle. This can be applied to shopping goods, for example, the customers are given key chain as a free gift when he buys a pair of shoes. -Free samples: The customers are offered free samples of new products in an attempt to increase awareness of the product and induce the customer to try using the product. This can be applied for convenience goods like shampoo. When a new variant of shampoo is launched, the manufacturer often gives small satchet (say, 5ml or 10 ml) of the new shampoo free of cost.